Definitions=None./None./A two stage process of cell division to form haploid reproductive cells from diploid progenitors. Meiosis results in four daughter cells, each containing a haploid chromosome set./None./The inheritance of single genes. Autosomal dominant, autosomal recessive and X-linked inheritance patterns are observed./None./None./None./A short tandemly repeated DNA sequence usually 2-6 nucleotides in length. STRs are found abundantly throughout the genome, and the number of repeats at a locus may vary between individuals. Easily detectable by PCR and useful markers for genetic and physical mapping.
A microchip containing thousands of DNA segments in an ordered array, which allows the simultaneous analysis of thousands of genetic markers or cDNA sequences./A tandemly repeated DNA sequence varying in length from 14-100 bp in length, with a highly variable number of repeats between individuals./None./The process of cell division that produces daughter cells that are genetically identical to the parent cells./None./The mitochondria contain DNA with several genes, mainly coding for mitochondrial proteins. Mitochondrial genes are maternally inherited, as only the egg cell contributes mitochondria to the offspring./None./Referring to mitochondria, the organelles that generate energy for the cell. Mitochondria have their own DNA and protein synthesis, and are the only kind of DNA that is inherited only from the mother./None./None./None./A characteristic that is caused by a single gene./Twins that arise from a single egg fertilized by a single sperm. MZ twins are therefore genetically identical./None./None./A measure of genetic distance based on recombination frequency. One M is the distance over which one recombination event will occur in a single generation. Named after the geneticist Thomas Morgan./The RNA molecule that specifies amino acid sequence and provides the template for protein synthesis./The most common familial, autosomal recessive disease in the Western Hemisphere, whose symptoms usually appear shortly after birth. They include faulty digestion, breathing difficulties and respiratory infections due to mucus accumulation, and excessive loss of salt in sweat. In the past, cystic fibrosis was almost always fatal in childhood, but treatment is now so improved that patients commonly live to their 20s and beyond./A disease, with a genetic component, that does not show Mendelian inheritance patterns. Complex diseases may involve the interaction of two or more genes, or the interaction between genes and environmental factors, to produce the disease phenotype./A characteristic influenced by several factors, both genetic and environmental./A chemical or physical agent that is capable of inducing mutations in DNA./None./A permanent change in DNA sequence. Mutations in germ cells are heritable and may be transmitted to the next generation. Mutations in somatic cells are not heritable, but may be transmitted to daughter cells. Different types of mutation include nonsense, missense, insertion, deletion and frame shift mutations./None.