Embryofetopathia diabetica
Prenatal abnormality in development as a result of unrecognised, badly regulated or deregulated maternal diabetes during pregnancy (gestational diabetes).
Origin
As a result of diabetes, the transfer of glucose is increased from the mother to the foetus through the placenta. This leads to an increase in foetal insulin levels, which then cause functional immaturity (e.g. lungs and liver) and to so-called insulin overfeeding, which means an increase in the size of the organs and of the foetus (large-for-date baby).
Consequences
Possible consequences include a tendency to premature birth, placental failure, death of the foetus during pregnancy or in the course of birth, a difficult birth as the result of excessively broad shoulders and regulation problems such as low blood sugar (hypoglycaemia) or calcium deficiency (hypocalcaemia). In the long term there is a tendency to pathological overweight and cardiovascular disease.
Prevention and Therapy
Timely and optimal metabolic regulation of the mother. Birth at the calculated date of birth.
end-stage renal disease (ESRD)
a condition in which a persons kidney function is no longer adequate to sustain life; individuals with ESRD require dialysis therapy or a kidney transplant in order to survive
erythropoiesis-stimulating agents (ESAs)
synthetic forms of erythropoietin developed using recombinant DNA technology
Exercise electrocardiography
Abbreviated as exercise ECG
Measurement of physical power, mostly on a stationary bicycle. An electrocardiogram is taken before, during and after exercise, which should be reproducible and dosed as exactly as possible.
Uses
Mostly for the diagnosis of coronary heart disease
Contraindications
Angina pectoris or pathological changes in the ECG at rest, malignant hypertension, advanced heart failure, fresh myocardial infarction.
